HARRISBURG, Pa. 芒鈧珺次元官网网址� Attorneys for Penn State ex-President Graham Spanier on Thursday declined to call any witnesses to counter accusations that he acted illegally in handling a 2001 complaint about Jerry Sandusky showering with a boy, sending the case to jurors for deliberation.

Spanier attorney Sam Silver argued there was "no evidence at all," saying the case involved judgment calls by high-ranking university administrators in dealing with the complaint that Sandusky, a retired assistant football coach, had been seen naked with the boy in a team locker room.

"They made judgment calls," Silver said. "They did not engage in crimes. They did not enter in a conspiracy."

Laura Ditka with the state attorney general's office said Spanier, former athletic director Tim Curley and former vice-president Gary Schultz took actions to preserve the school and their own reputations, at the expense of children.

"They took a gamble," Ditka told jurors. "They weren't playing with dice. They were playing with kids."

Spanier faces two counts of endangering the welfare of children and a related conspiracy count, all felonies. Curley and Schultz struck plea deals last week to a single misdemeanour count of child endangerment and testified against Spanier on Wednesday.

Spanier was forced out as president in 2011, after Sandusky was charged with child molestation and Curley and Schultz were first charged over their handling of the matter. Spanier was charged a year later.

Sandusky has been in prison since his 2012 conviction on 45 counts of child sexual abuse, and is due in a courthouse near campus on Friday for an appeal hearing.

After about three hours of deliberations, the panel of seven women and five men asked the judge to clarify the legal elements of the conspiracy charge and to define what reckless means.

Judge John Boccabella told them to take into account the companion charge of endangering the welfare of children when evaluating the conspiracy charge. He said conduct is reckless when someone consciously disregards a substantial and unjustified risk, far beyond what a reasonable person would do.

Jurors asked for dinner, a sign their deliberations are not on the verge of a verdict.

The scandal sent shockwaves through the Penn State community, led to the firing of Hall of Fame coach Joe Paterno 芒鈧珺次元官网网址� who died of cancer in early 2012 芒鈧珺次元官网网址� and ultimately led the school to pay out more than $90 million to settle civil claims.

Silver called Spanier, Curley and Schultz "good men" who took seriously the 2001 complaint by then-graduate assistant coach Mike McQueary.

"It's not enough for you to find that Graham could have or should have done something differently," Silver told jurors.

He urged them to focus on testimony by Schultz and Curley that they never told Spanier that McQueary had reported seeing something sexual in 2001, although McQueary's own testimony was that he did tell the two of them it was sexual in nature.

"Mr. Schultz made clear 芒鈧珺次元官网网址� he, Gary Schultz, told Graham Spanier that it was horseplay," Silver said.

A key piece of evidence was an email exchange in which the three debated what to do.

Spanier OK'd having Curley tell Sandusky to stop bringing children to athletic facilities and inform The Second Mile, a charity for at-risk youth founded by Sandusky. An earlier plan had involved informing the state Department of Public Welfare, but Spanier approved putting that on hold, and the agency was never contacted. That failure to make a report forms the heart of the criminal accusations against him.

"The only downside for us is if the message isn't 'heard' and acted upon, and we then become vulnerable for not having reported it," Spanier told Curley and Schultz in 2001 in the email exchange. He called the plan "humane and a reasonable way to proceed."

Silver said several people knew of McQueary's complaint, an in fact The Second Mile's director was informed.

"That's not a conspiracy," Silver said. "That's an email exchange of responsible people trying to figure out what's appropriate under the circumstances."

Ditka began her closing argument with reference to the "only downside for us" quote, and repeated it several times, urging jurors to convict him on all counts.

"All they cared about was their own self-interest," Ditka said, arguing the three men "let (Sandusky) run wild" despite knowing he had been the subject of complaints in 1998 and 2001.

The 1998 complaint, from a woman who was upset that Sandusky had bear-hugged her son in a team shower, was investigated but the district attorney declined to file charges.

Ditka said that McQueary told Curley and Schultz he saw Sandusky behind a prepubescent boy, in a dark shower at night, with his hips moving slightly.

"Do you think that's horseplay?" she asked jurors.

She dismissed any idea that three of the university's top leaders would have immediately launched a series of meetings and discussions if they really thought it was a matter of horseplay.

She noted that Spanier's academic background should have prepared him to deal with the matter.

"For God's sake, he's a family and child therapist. Got a Ph.D. in it. They knew exactly what to do," Ditka said.

Mark Scolforo, The Associated Press