Last week's mild earthquake provided a real world test of an early warning system developed by UBC researchers that could help B.C. residents survive a deadly quake.
Thirteen seconds before buildings began to shake at , research engineer Kent Johansen already knew what was coming and that their system works.
"It worked like a charm," he said.
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Johansen was working late in his home office in Burnaby when the alert came in from the network of quake sensors that have been installed mainly at Catholic schools and a few public ones in the Lower Mainland, Nanaimo and Victoria.
His computer emitted a rumbling noise pre-programmed to indicate elevated shaking was imminent.
"I looked at the screen and I see the bar graph go right through the roof B次元官网网址� 10 times more than I've ever seen in the year and a quarter that we've been running," he said. "I thought 'Holy smokes that's a real one.'"
Johansen resisted the temptation to wait for the seismic data flow in and instead bounded upstairs to his wife and seven-year-old daughter. He had enough time to get them both under a table before the shaking started.
If a much bigger earthquake someday strikes, the system would sound sirens at schools B次元官网网址� it's active at 61 of them already B次元官网网址� and offer a critical 10 to 30 seconds of advance warning for teachers to get students under their desks for protection.
Signs would also be activated warning drivers not to enter vulnerable bridges and tunnels.
A similar quake warning system is already installed at the George Massey Tunnel, complete with 'Do not enter' digital signs. They've never been triggered B次元官网网址� the recent 4.7 magnitude quake wasn't large enough.
TransLink is also studying the feasibility of adding a warning system to close the Pattullo Bridge in the event of a quake or dangerous high winds.
More schools, including several in the Fraser Valley, are being outfitted with the technology and are expected to come online soon, joining the initial 61 sites that have received the UBC technology since 2013.
Johansen hopes to extend the same warning system to anyone via apps on smart phones and other alert methods. He's already experimenting with a text message system and automated Twitter account () to beam out alerts, though he stresses he doesn't know how much warning time is lost in transmission and reception.
WARNING:872ug;t=151229_233955@201 A;St. Patrick's Elementary School
B次元官网网址� EEW BC (@eew_bc)
Even a few seconds warning could allow surgeons to put down scalpels and lab techs to turn off gas burners.
Johansen also thinks of workers in warehouses and shoppers in big box stores where products are piled high on the walls above them who might get time to step away from the danger.
Ground motion sensors that consist of small accelerometers are buried underground at each detector site.
They detect a quake's primary waves (P waves) that usually cause no damage and arrive twice as fast as the slower shear waves (S waves) that break windows and cause walls to collapse.
The first sensors to detect a quake's incoming P wave B次元官网网址� and not other sources of vibration like heavy trucks B次元官网网址� relay their data to UBCB次元官网网址檚 Earthquake Engineering Research Facility, which sends an alert throughout the network and sounds sirens at alarm sites. (Animals that act strangely just before a quake are also thought to be sensing the P waves.)
How much warning there will be before the shaking starts depends on how far away the quake's epicentre is and the proximity of sensors to detect it.
The closest sensor to the Dec. 29 quake was in Victoria and Johansen figures an extra six seconds of warning would have been gained had a sensor been positioned closer to the epicentre, which was east of Sidney.
A massive subduction quake 100 kilometres off the west coast of Vancouver Island would offer the most time B次元官网网址� potentially 60 to 90 seconds for Metro Vancouverites.
That type of monster quake could rip along the Cascadia subduction zone all the way from Haida Gwaii to Oregon.
For that reason, researchers would also like to have sensors on B.C.'s north coast and even offshore, but there are military sensitivities because the devices can also detect passing submarines.
Johansen hopes to see a much broader network of sensors over time, as well as many more alarm sites.
"If I had my way they'd be in all schools and we'd add even more sensors," Johansen said. "Two seconds here and two seconds there B次元官网网址� it all saves lives. To me, if it can save one, we have to do it."
Playback of data shows how a sensor in Victoria detected the Dec. 29 quake off Sidney well before other sensors in the Lower Mainland.
Catholic schools were first to get UBC-designed alarms
Catholic schools in the Lower Mainland have been the first to get UBC's earthquake early warning alarm system.
The installation has been part of a 2013 seismic standard upgrade launched by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vancouver, which helped fund the network rollout.
The first B.C. site where quake sensors and alarms were installed was the Star of the Sea Catholic School in White Rock.
Other alarm sites in the eastern half of the Lower Mainland that are either active or soon will be include:
Surrey B次元官网网址� St. Bernadette, Immaculate Conception, Our Lady of Good Counsel, Precious Blood, and Sacred Heart (North Delta).
Langley B次元官网网址� St. Catherine's.
Maple Ridge B次元官网网址� St. Patrick.
Abbotsford B次元官网网址� St. John Brebeuf, Matsqui Elementary, Yale Secondary (not yet operational), Aberdeen Elementary (not yet operational).
Chilliwack B次元官网网址� St. Mary, Barrowtown Elementary (not yet operational), Chilliwack Secondary (not yet operational).
Tri Cities B次元官网网址� Queen of All Saints Elementary, Our Lady of Assumption and Archbishop Carney.
New Westminster B次元官网网址� Lady of Fatima.
Sites on Vancouver Island include Nanaimo's Wellington Secondary and Victoria's St. Patrick's Elementary. 脡cole Quadra Elementary in Victoria is not yet operational.
Current or soon to be activated sites include Catholic schools in green and public schools in yellow.
