As wind-driven wildfires broke out on the Hawaiian island of Maui last summer, killing more than 100 people and destroying thousands of buildings, a telecommunications blackout kept many residents in the dark.

The outage exacerbated an already devastating situation in areas such as the town of Lahaina, home to around 13,000 people, where both evacuation orders and first respondersB次元官网网址� emergency communications were hampered.

In addition to the downing of all cellphones and landlines in Lahaina, the area also faced a failure of commercial electrical service for days.

Authorities are still putting together the pieces to understand how so much went wrong throughout the incident. A key lesson from the Maui wildfires has emerged: resilient telecom networks are crucial when disaster strikes.

Companies and regulators in other jurisdictions, including Canada, are taking note amid growing wildfire activity in remote regions.

B次元官网网址淲e need to understand what the limitations of networks might be and also have plans that would account for the possible loss of our typical sources of information,B次元官网网址� said Jenifer Sunrise Winter, a communications professor at University of Hawaii at Manoa.

B次元官网网址淚deally youB次元官网网址檒l have multiple options in case something fails.B次元官网网址�

Last month, wildfire damage to fibre lines near Fort Nelson, B.C. caused days-long cellular and internet outages in the provinceB次元官网网址檚 north, as well as in Yukon and the Northwest Territories.

While telecom provider Northwestel worked to quickly restore service, the interruption reinforced the risks that those in rural and remote parts of Canada face during natural disasters.

ItB次元官网网址檚 an issue that CanadaB次元官网网址檚 telecommunications regulator is keenly aware of. Two consultations touching on that topic B次元官网网址� one considering ways to improve telecom services in the Far North and another on how providers should report and notify customers of major service outages B次元官网网址� remain in progress.

B次元官网网址淭he truth is that no network is flawless. Canada has some of the highest quality networks in the world, but itB次元官网网址檚 an impossible task to predict and prevent every potential failure,B次元官网网址� said CRTC vice-chairperson Adam Scott during a speech at a recent industry event in Toronto, hosted by the Ivey Business School.

B次元官网网址淎t a time when our networks continue to grow in complexity and the threats we face, including from extreme weather or malicious actors, are as volatile and unpredictable as theyB次元官网网址檝e ever been, the consequences of not being prepared are dire.B次元官网网址�

Carriers turning to AI and satellite solutions

CanadaB次元官网网址檚 three largest providers say robust plans are in place to mitigate the effects of wildfires on their infrastructure.

Bell Canada, Rogers Communications Inc. and Telus Corp. all tout various common elements of their strategies, such as year-round reviews of network stability, having fuel-powered generators in key areas for electricity backup, and collaborating with provincial emergency management teams.

The companies have also been working on unique initiatives.

Through a partnership between Rogers and BC Wildfire Service, artificial intelligence cameras were installed on two of the carrierB次元官网网址檚 B.C. towers in April, with plans to set up three more.

The Pano AI cameras are designed to detect smoke up to a 24-kilometre range, allowing fire crews to view live feeds of potential wildfire smoke and, if needed, respond more rapidly.

B次元官网网址淓very minute matters,B次元官网网址� said Aaron Pawlick, manager of strategic initiatives and innovation for BC Wildfire Service, in an interview.

B次元官网网址淭he sooner we can detect something B次元官网网址� the better because we could use that to dispatch our resources more quickly on the ground.B次元官网网址�

Satellite connectivity has also been seen as a potential solution to keep customers connected during emergencies, especially in remote regions.

Telus announced last year it successfully trialled technology that lets smartphones send and receive voice calls and text messages using satellites. The test was in partnership with Montreal-based provider TerreStar Solutions Inc. and non-terrestrial network service provider Skylo.

Rogers has teamed up with SpaceX and Lynk Global to deliver satellite-to-phone connectivity, while New Brunswick-based rural internet provider Xplore Inc. committed to offering satellite internet in remote locations last fall after the launch of the Jupiter 3 satellite into space.

B次元官网网址淚n an emergency situation, people are seeing (satellite) as a great alternative or redundant connection because you can literally take it with you,B次元官网网址� said Rob McMahon, associate professor of media and technology at the University of Alberta.

Fibre still B次元官网网址榢ingB次元官网网址�: Telus

McMahon noted the limitations of the B次元官网网址渦ntestedB次元官网网址� satellite technology, including potential capacity issues compared with fibre.

B次元官网网址淎s more users come online, how will that degrade the service?B次元官网网址� he said, adding satellite technology is also still expensive to the average user.

Bell and Telus highlighted their growing fibre networks, which the former said in a recent press release B次元官网网址渁re more resilient to extreme weather conditions, reducing the frequency and length of weather-related outages.B次元官网网址�

B次元官网网址淔ibre is king,B次元官网网址� said Phil Moore, TelusB次元官网网址� vice-president of emergency response, during a presentation at last monthB次元官网网址檚 Ivey Business School event.

B次元官网网址淲eB次元官网网址檝e had fibre lines where the poles have burnt on the bottom and theyB次元官网网址檙e actually swinging, and the networkB次元官网网址檚 still up. ItB次元官网网址檚 perfectly fine.B次元官网网址�

Despite those strides, gaps remain when it comes to the preparation of CanadaB次元官网网址檚 telecom sector for potential wildfire-caused outages, said McMahon.

He pointed to the barriers facing rural and remote regions, which often have limited infrastructure compared with more populated centres B次元官网网址� in terms of road access in and out, as well as communications channels.

Remote regions face redundancy gaps

McMahon said one of the greatest risks to emergency connectivity is lack of B次元官网网址減ath diversity,B次元官网网址� such as duplicate infrastructure or distinct technologies that can carry network connections in case one line goes down.

ThatB次元官网网址檚 the case for the Western James Bay Telecom Network, a non-profit Indigenous-owned provider of fibre-optic internet for residents living on OntarioB次元官网网址檚 James Bay coast from Moosonee through Fort Albany, Kashechewan and Attawapiskat.

B次元官网网址淭hey are reliant on a single regional transport network going up and down,B次元官网网址� said McMahon.

B次元官网网址淚f that line gets cut, theyB次元官网网址檙e disconnected.B次元官网网址�

TelusB次元官网网址� Moore said the industry standard is generally considered to be two transport routes for keeping networks running in case of an emergency.

B次元官网网址淏ut itB次元官网网址檚 a big country,B次元官网网址� he said.

While Moore said Telus is B次元官网网址渟lowly buildingB次元官网网址� a third route across Canada, he pointed out Canadian telecommunications companies face challenges that their global counterparts do not. Chief among them is the cost of building networks in Canada, which is considered expensive compared with other large countries due to factors such as size, density and terrain.

Still, as wildfire activity has increased in recent years, Moore said Telus has also boosted its spending on network resiliency. That includes removing vegetation around its cell towers and other critical infrastructure in areas where dry conditions have led to a higher risk of fire spreading.

B次元官网网址淲hen youB次元官网网址檙e investing in reliability, itB次元官网网址檚 like buying insurance,B次元官网网址� said Moore.

B次元官网网址淭elecom is vulnerable, weB次元官网网址檙e all quite well aware of it. No matter how much you invest in it, itB次元官网网址檚 still vulnerable to all the different climactic perils that we have.B次元官网网址�

Sammy Hudes, The Canadian Press