As high inflation and rising interest rates take a bite out of paycheque, the Bank of Canada says businesses expect sales to slow as consumers pull back on spending.

The central bank released its fourth-quarter business outlook and consumer expectation surveys Monday, giving some insight into how high inflation and interest rates are affecting Canadian consumers and businesses.

As business confidence weakens, more firms are reporting demand and credit are pressing concerns.

Meanwhile, they say cost pressures, labour shortages and supply chain issues are easing.

Consumers facing high inflation and rising interest rates say theyB次元官网网址檙e cutting back on spending to cope. Nearly nine in 10 say they have cut spending on travel, accommodation, food service and recreation. More than seven in 10 say theyB次元官网网址檙e cutting on clothing and footwear, while nearly six in ten consumers are pulling back on groceries.

The surveys B次元官网网址渟uggest that interest rate increases are working as expected in slowing spending,B次元官网网址� CIBCB次元官网网址檚 executive director of economics Karyne Charbonneau wrote in a note to clients.

Since March, the Bank of Canada has aggressively raised interest rates seven consecutive times. Its key interest rates is currently 4.25 per cent, the highest itB次元官网网址檚 been since 2008.

Higher interest rates are expected to slow the economy down as people and businesses pull back on spending.

According to the business outlook survey, two-thirds of firms expect a recession in the next 12 months.

However, despite the expected slowdown, half of businesses said theyB次元官网网址檙e planning to add employees or to fill vacant positions in that same time period.

Meanwhile, 72 per cent of consumers expect a recession in the months ahead.

Canadian workers have seen their real wages fall amid high inflation. According to the consumer expectations survey, most workers do not expect their earning to catch up with inflation.

The surveys also show both businesses and consumers expect inflation to remain elevated in the short-term but expect it to ease, sitting closer to the central bankB次元官网网址檚 target of two per cent in five years.

More than a quarter of consumers expect to see deflation in five years with many believing prices will decrease as the economy recovers from supply-side shocks.

The Bank of Canada will make its next interest rate decision on Jan. 25.

Many commercial banks, including RBC, expect the bank to raise its key rate by a quarter of a percentage point.

B次元官网网址淚 donB次元官网网址檛 think thatB次元官网网址檚 thatB次元官网网址檚 changed with this data,B次元官网网址� said RBC assistant chief economist Nathan Janzen.

Statistics Canada will release its December consumer price index report Tuesday, which will also inform the central bankB次元官网网址檚 decision, Janzen said.

B次元官网网址擭ojoud Al Mallees, The Canadian Press